Hallo!
Can anybody tell me where I can find an exact definitions of the types of the user permissions? there are for example Published, Protected, Private, Draft, Deprecated.
Those are post statuses. If you see them in the permissions page, it means you're giving the user permission to make posts with that status.
Published: shows up on the blog, visible to anyone.
Protected: shows up on the blog, only visible to logged in members
Private: shows up on the blog, only visible to the user who posted it.
Draft: Only shows up in the backoffice, waiting to be published
Depreciated: Only shows up in the backoffice, removed from blog
Those are post statuses. If you see them in the permissions page, it means you're giving the user permission to make posts with that status.
Published: shows up on the blog, visible to anyone.
Protected: shows up on the blog, only visible to logged in members
Private: shows up on the blog, only visible to the user who posted it.
Draft: Only shows up in the backoffice, waiting to be published
Depreciated: Only shows up in the backoffice, removed from blog
Hope that helps.